醫生爸爸愛足球: 肺炎系列 (四百一十三) 香港採購冠狀病毒疫苗的資料

香港政府在2020年12月11日宣布已經初步達成協議，包括Sinovac、BioNTech、Pfizer、AstraZeneca的疫苗 [註一]，其實正正是分別為三種平台。

在世界衞生組織的平台裏，知道已經有51隻進入人類臨床測試，臨床測試分為第一期、第二期、第三期，第三期就是比較成熟，即是已經接近可以註冊。在第三期臨床方面，現時我們有13隻疫苗，這13隻疫苗中亦有四種不同的技術平台，所謂不同的technology platform，分別有「滅活」（inactivated）、「病毒載體」（viral vector）、「核酸疫苗」（nucleic acid vaccine）和一個蛋白質亞單元疫苗（protein subunit）。

[註一] 行政長官抗疫記者會答問內容。香港政府新聞公報 2020-12-11

我建議各位去閱讀冠狀病毒疫苗的研究報告，比較接近第一手資料，報導的都是轉載節錄的第二三手消息。我為大家整理以下資料。

Sinovac

CoronaVac (Sinovac Life Sciences, Beijing, China)

an inactivated vaccine candidate against COVID-19, containing inactivated severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2)
phase 1/2 clinical trial, healthy adults aged 18–59 years
743 participants received at least one dose of investigational product (n=143 for phase 1 and n=600 for phase 2; safety population)

Yanjun Zhang et al. Safety, tolerability, and immunogenicity of an inactivated SARS-CoV-2 vaccine in healthy adults aged 18–59 years: a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled, phase 1/2 clinical trial. The Lancet infectious diseases 2020-11-17

Pfizer-BioNTech

The vaccine is based on the SARS-CoV-2 spike glycoprotein (S) antigen encoded by RNA and formulated in lipid nanoparticles (LNPs).
in individuals 16 years of age and older.
The proposed dosing regimen is 2 doses, 30 µg each, administered 21 days apart.
A phase 3 randomized and placebo-controlled trial using BNT162b2 in approximately 44,000 participants is currently ongoing to evaluate the vaccine’s safety and efficacy
In N=37,706 participants, the duration of follow-up was ≥2 months post Dose 2 for 50.6% of participants. Duration of follow up was ≥1 month post Dose 2 for 91.6% of participants

Fernando P. Polack et al. Safety and Efficacy of the BNT162b2 mRNA Covid-19 Vaccine. NEJM 2020-12-10

Pfizer-BioNTech COVID-19 Vaccine. Vaccines and Related Biological Products Advisory Committee Meeting. 2020-12-10

PFIZER-BIONTECH COVID-19 VACCINE (BNT162, PF-07302048) VACCINES AND RELATED BIOLOGICAL PRODUCTS ADVISORY COMMITTEE BRIEFING DOCUMENT MEETING 2020-12-10

AstraZeneca

The ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 vaccine (AZD1222) was developed at Oxford University and consists of a replication-deficient chimpanzee adenoviral vector ChAdOx1, containing the SARS-CoV-2 structural surface glycoprotein antigen (spike protein; nCoV-19) gene.
phase 2/3 trials in the UK and Brazil, and safety data from more than 20000 participants
The vaccine can be stored and distributed at 2–8°C
18–55-year-old cohorts... aged 55–69 years and those aged 70 years or older (COV002 (UK))

Merryn Voysey et al. Safety and efficacy of the ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 vaccine (AZD1222) against SARS-CoV-2: an interim analysis of four randomised controlled trials in Brazil, South Africa, and the UK. The Lancet 2020-12-08